نواندیشی در آموزش و یادگیری

نواندیشی در آموزش و یادگیری

بدفهمی های دانش آموزان پایه ی چهارم ابتدایی در مفهوم سطح اشکال هندسی در درس ریاضی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه ریاضی، واحد الیگودرز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، الیگودرز، ایران
2 کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، واحد الیگودرز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، الیگودرز، ایران
چکیده
 
مقدمه و هدف: پژوهش به بررسی بدفهمی‌های دانش‌آموزان در مورد مفهوم سطح اشکال هندسی پرداخته است. پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از نظر اجرا پیمایشی و از نظر روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها یک تحلیل کمی از نوع توصیفی - همبستگی است.
روش شناسی پژوهش: جامعه آماری دانش‌آموزان پسر پایه‌ی چهارم ابتدایی مدارس شهر ازنا، به تعداد ۲۱۷ نفر بود. باتوجه‌به جدول مورگان حجم نمونه ۱۸۰ نفر است، اما باتوجه‌به بخش مصاحبه با دانش‌آموزان جهت شناسایی بدفهمی‌ها، به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای تعداد ۱۲۰ نفر برای نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گیری، آزمون محقق ساخته شامل ۷ سؤال بود. بدفهمی‌های حوزه اشکال هندسی در ریاضی در چهار دسته، دسته‌بندی شد و سؤالات آزمون جهت سنجش این بدفهمی‌ها بر اساس چهار دسته طراحی شد. هر سؤال ممکن بود بیش از یک نوع بدفهمی را بررسی کند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی و رتبه‌بندی فریدمن استفاده شد.
 یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان داد که دانش‌آموزان دچار بدفهمی‌های به ترتیب بیش تخصیصی (تخصیص بیش از اندازه مفهوم به یک مفهوم مشخص شده)، بیش تعمیمی (تعمیم یک مفهوم درست و صحیح به وضعیتی دیگر)، مفهوم‌سازی محدود (ریشه‌ی بدفهمی دانش‌آموز به درک‌نکردن مفهوم یا رویه بستگی دارد) و ترجمه نادرست (دانش‌آموزان هنگام پاسخ‌گویی به سؤال، در ترجمه‌ی نمادها، جدول‌ها، واژگان یا نمودارها دچار اشتباه می‌شوند) شده بودند.
بحث و نتیجه ­گیری: بررسی مشکلات و بدفهمی‌های دانش‌آموزان در مورد یادگیری و نیز حل مسائل مربوط به اشکال هندسی می‌تواند مورداستفاده معلمان دوره ابتدایی، مؤلفان کتب درسی و پژوهشگران قرار بگیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Misunderstandings of fourth grade students regarding the concept of surface of geometric shapes in mathematics lessons

نویسندگان English

shayesteh Rezaei 1
Abolfazl Taghipour 2
1 Department of Mathematics, AL.C., Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz Iran
2 Department of Educational Management, AL.C.,, Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz, Iran.
چکیده English

This study investigated students' misunderstandings about the concept of the surface of geometric shapes. The study is a quantitative descriptive-correlational analysis in terms of its applied purpose, survey implementation, and data analysis method. The statistical population was 217 male students in the fourth grade of elementary schools in Azna city. According to the Morgan, s table, the sample size is 180, but according to the interview section with students to identify misunderstandings, 120 people were selected for the sample using cluster random sampling. The measurement tool was a researcher-made test consisting of 7 questions. Misunderstandings in the field of geometric shapes in mathematics were categorized into four categories, and the test questions were designed to measure these misunderstandings based on the four categories. Each question could examine more than one type of misunderstanding. The statistical tests of correlation coefficient and Friedman ranking were used to analyze the data.The results showed that students had misunderstandings in the following order: over-attribution (over-attribution of a concept to a specific concept), over-generalization (generalization of a correct and correct concept to another situation), limited conceptualization (the root of the student's misunderstanding depends on not understanding the concept or procedure), and incorrect translation (students make mistakes in translating symbols, tables, words, or diagrams when answering questions). Investigating students' problems and misunderstandings about learning and solving problems related to geometric shapes, It can be used by elementary school teachers, textbook authors, and researchers.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Misunderstanding
Concept of surface of geometric shapes
Mathematics lessons
Fourth grade students
 
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